Counterfeiting of Brands in India

By Sheng Feng on May 17, 2011
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Designer Dior

Rapid advancement in technology and liberalization of the Indian economy have created an ideal market for people misusing existing brand values that have been cultivated and nurtured over a period of time. The mushrooming growth has also given rise to despicable marauding activity, which is nothing but piracy. But the question arises here is that is it the popularity factor which promotes counterfeiting among people or the need factor? I guess it is both.

Counterfeiting also referred as piracy in a common trade parlance mean the unlawful acquisition by a person of the property of another person without his consent. Ever since the evolution of brands, the business has marked a trend in the society where everyone wants to associate himself/herself with the latest quality fashion trends in different forms like branded clothes, institutes, branded products etc. After all, what matters at the end is to show off the branded You!!

The word ounterfeit describes the forgeries of currency and documents but these days the imitations of clothing, software, pharmaceuticals,Cartier santos 100, jeans, watches, electronics, and company logos and brands have become common in the market. In the case of goods, it results in patent infringement or trademark infringement.Certain consumer goods, especially very expensive or desirable brands or those which are easy to reproduce at low rates have become quite frequent and common targets of counterfeiting. The counterfeiters either attempt to deceive the consumer into thinking they are purchasing a legitimate item, or convince the consumer that they could deceive others with the imitation. Some counterfeits are produced in the same factory that produces the original, authentic product, using the same materials.

Indian metros have become base for manufacturing counterfeit products and account for maximum Intellectual Property Rights violations. Delhi is the hub of counterfeit products in India as nearly 70 per cent counterfeit products originate here.

Again the question comes is what has evoked counterfeiting?

Brand business, its growth /competitions etc has led to availability of counterfeits because of the fact brand sells and makes you outstand and therefore the need to copy, pirate, counterfeit has emerged along with the growth of brands.In India, the direct loss to FMCG industry is also not less than ' 200 million. A survey was conducted to estimate the size of counterfeit of FMCG products and it revealed the stark reality of FMCG companies having maximum loss up to 40% and an average loss around 20% of their market share of their well known products.

The biggest concern is, however, the customers attraction towards these pirate products is directly proportional to price of these products which are sold at 40 to 45% lesser value than the original. A common man with limited knowledge falls for the counterfeit products due to its cheap or discounted prices. Enforcement of laws against counterfeiting is not so strict in India which is another big jolt for the brand industry.

As counterfeiting has become an economic problem of international importance and has been growing dramatically across the globe, manufacturers of the original products and government find themselves in a constant battle against counterfeiters. This has led to a variety of countermeasures based on lawful, political, administrative, or business techniques. The framework also considers the interplay of attitudes, purchase intentions, and dissonance that leads to coping processes and in turn influences attitudes and decisions. Counterfeiting appears in two different forms, as deceptive and non-deceptive counterfeiting. Under receptive counterfeiting, the consumer is not aware of the fact that he/she purchases a copy rather than the original product and cannot be held accountable for the behavior. Focus is on non-deceptive counterfeiting, where consumers intentionally purchase fake products.The most popular counterfeit market is clothing, followed by shoes, watches, leather goods, and jewelry. Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Burberry, Tiffany, Prada, Hermes, Chanel, Dior, Yves St Laurent, and Cartier are frequently pirated.

Studies say if consumers would not buy; there will be no market for the counterfeit retailers. It also reveals the consumers which include students and businessmen as the major section with 31%, service class (19%) and housewives with 17%. So the question is: who is to be blamed - the retailer or the counterfeit prone consumer?

The customers site few reasons to shop fake products from street markets like branded products available at cheaper rates,Cartier 14K Rose Gold Signature Ring, choices and variety of designs, one shop for all purchase items. However, they also feel the need of strict laws which can prevent counterfeiting. Nevertheless, a joint effort has been made by FICCI and the leading FMCG companies to bring all companies together to initiate a war against such menace. It is a Brand Protection Committee (BPC) with the objectives to combat the commercial theft since large number of factors goes into a brand building, unscrupulous persons pocketing something which belongs to someone else and also piggybacking on someone elses reputation and to bring awareness amongst society since these counterfeit products deceive the gullible consumers.

However these steps are not enough to stop counterfeiting, Indian Government and other statutory bodies should take active interest for the protection of legitimate business and provide whole- hearted support to the industry at large.

Author is a HOD, Department of Business & Technology at Pearl Academy of Fashion, with more than 18 years of experience in industry & academics in India and abroad. The article has been drafted on the basis of researched project done by her student of PG Diploma in Fashion Merchandising Ms. Harpreet Kaur of 2008-2010 batch.

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Standard Writing Conventions

By Jacqueline Smith on August 17, 2010
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To facilitate standard conventions, Mr. Lehrer maintained an expectation of what he called the "errorless draft," which required students to respond to his written feedback in their final draft and to resubmit the attached rough draft so that he could detect that students responded to feedback. The expectation for writing standard conventions and appropriating skills in meaningful contexts reifies Delpit's (1995) assertion that intervention is needed to write in standard contexts. Scaffolding from students' home language to inform standard writing was Breitling Replica an enactment of code-switching pedagogies (Baker, 2002; Bakhtin, 1986; Delpit, 1995; Wheeler & Swords, 2006). Whenever possible, he interacted with students to clarify feedback. Therefore, he actively sustained awareness of standard writing and skills in meaningful contexts, aligned with grammar and usage embedded in local and national standards.

During a formal interview, Mr. Lehrer acknowledged the importance of sustaining skills in meaning contexts, as an integral facet of standard acquisition and usage:

4r. Lehrer: Yeah, sure, because that's the basis of the class. I mean,Cartier love pendant for womens, really, this kind of class revolves around the idea that those skills exist...within the context of important language usage. So if you're using language in an important way, which is to say you're using it to express meaning.

Author: True, so, you put skills in meaningful contexts,Cartier uk online, not finding the subject and the predicate.

4r. Lehrer: Even though occasionally I will do that if I really want to mention some things that they don't have, I think it's such a vacuum.

Author: So that would make you a little less approachable.

Mr. Lehrer: I think so, I think they know as the year goes on that I care about that stuff a lot. I really do. I demonstrate that when I get their papers and mark they up and when I talk to them about their writing, but it would have to be in a meaningful context.

This excerpt reveals that Mr. Lehrer's written comments were intended to provide skills in meaningful, nonthreatening contexts. He considered on-going written feedback an impetus to talk to students about their writing in an effort for them to acquire standard conventions. Mr. Lehrer determined his enactment of providing skills instruction and linking standard English with home language in the con-ext of their writing was more effective than isolated grammar worksheets. In addition, he was more poachable to his students.

Providing written feedback for 137 students across 11 of Mr. Lehrer's class sections was time consuming and posed constraints for Tag Heuer Replica meeting each student personally to address his comments. However, each student was provided with at least written feedback and opportunities to confer with a peer. He expected them to assume responsibility and respond to written feedback until the draft was errorless.

The "Letter to Future Self" was a writing assignment that employed standard writing conventions. Students wrote a letter to their senior self graduating from high school. Student letters would be mailed to them near the end of their senior year of high school.

The guidelines dictated the letter genre. Each paragraph manifested topics that were appropriate to the student during their seventh-grade year, including physical appearance, things that have happened this school year, and hopes and dreams for the future. Rough drafts included Mr. Lehrer's feedback for students to apply to the final edited version.

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China's Jewelry Market, Diamond Market is The Fastest Growing Market

By Yang Tingting on September 14, 2010
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In recent years, the diamond jewelry market, the market is the fastest growing market, total market consumption rising. In the past year, an increase of more than 15% of diamonds sold in Mainland China became only the world's major economies to keep growing.

Hong Kong autumn auction in the same period and jewelry Session "held the top rare wines," the auction, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the mainland buyers accounted for the number of successful bidder of the auction market for 85% of the total number, the number of mainland wine buyers than last year 9.8%.

According to the U.S. "The Wall Street Journal" reports, the best wine, watches and jewelry and other non-art auction of luxury goods in the international market, mainland China Regal driven up demand and the comprehensive situation. Christie said, demand for wine from the Mainland last year increased by about 10% over the same period.

In such non-art luxury of so, on the most expensive diamond jewelry. And Christie's in Hong Kong Happy Valley will be held in the same period in the other a jewelry auction - Japan and China Kuang-affinity co-sponsored jewelry auction, the number of buyers from the mainland shuttle which frequently raised placards.

According to statistics, in 2008, the Shanghai Diamond Exchange diamond trade totaled 1.37 billion U.S. dollars, the total diamond jewelry retail market in China more than 20 billion yuan. October 2008 to the first quarter of 2009, by the international financial crisis, Europe and the United States and Japan are important diamond market there is a clear decline, but the diamond market in Mainland China still maintained a rapid growth, is the world's major economies The only region to maintain the growth of diamond sales.

But the brand of the bare diamond future trends, we can not judge whether what people's spending habits will change with these new products? From the "diamond city" Antwerp's bare drill will really create a unique brand when the price mechanism? How they will maintain the growth of diamond price system? Diamond Brand is about to bare with the traditional view of diamond consumption (including the 4C standard) battle? Need to see the diamond jewelry market, other players will not make us so soon find out. Many high-end jewelers who wish to further expand market share in China,cartier love ring yellow gold 18k, such as diamonds in Hong Kong recently ended show, more than 80 companies came from Antwerp display their products; French jewelry and watch manufacturing companies are expected to Cartier in the next 34 years,cartier love bracelet white gold online, China will become its largest market.

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1-swissreplica Exports Brand Name Replica Watches as Both Retailers And Wholesaler

By Haitang Yu on March 06, 2011
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In 1984, The Fondation "Cartier pour l'art contemporain" is created. The first chief retrospection "L'art de Cartier" is held at the Musee du Petit Palais in Paris in 1989/90 followed by another major retrospective in 1992 in the Ermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. In 1997, Richemont, who already possessed 70% of Vendome Luxury Group, buys the 30% remaining in order to fully control it. Now Cartier is a member of the Rolex seadweller replica group Richemont and Johan Rupert , the son of Anton Rupert, controls 9% of Richemont's market capitalization but 50% of the voting rights. To become truly a luxury group, Richemont has merged its tobacco activity Rothmans with British American Tobacco in 1999 and kept only 21% of the shares of the new tobacco group that still accounted for more than half of the overall benefits of Richemont in 2001. Profile As it has already been mentioned, Cartier is a company of the Richemont Compagnie Financiere Group the second worldwide luxury group and the Rolex prince replica first worldwide luxury watchmaking group. The group depends heavily on the brand that realizes approximately half of Richemont Group's turnover and 60% of the operational benefit. Their estimated turnover is 900 millions euros with an estimated average volume of 350000 watches a year. Cartier's activities consist of watches (55%), jewelry (35%) and others (leather products, perfumes, pens,cartier love ring yellow gold 18k, eyewear and lighters) (10%). Richemont follows a strong multibrand strategy and its portfolio encompasses brands like Piaget and Baume & Mercier (1988), Vacheron Constantin (1996), Panerai and Lancel (1997), Van Cleef & Arpels (1998), Jaeger-LeCoultre, IWC and A. Lange & Sohne (2000).

The Rolex milgauss replica last acquisition also marked a pause to this frenetic buying: in fact, Richemont acquired LMH for the extraordinary price of 3.1 billion CHF ¼ a deal of this size has never happened before. It seems that Cartier has a hard time finding the adequate CEO since the departure in 1998 of Alain-Dominique Perrin, the Cartier man. He arrived at Cartier in 1969 and was CEO since 1981 and is pretty much the person who built the brand in order to give it the Rolex masterpiece replica image and the identity we know today. He is also the man who launched the collection "must de Cartier". The actual CEO of Cartier is Bernard Fornas. This very refined and cultivated man has graduated from Lyon Business School and has a MBA from Northwestern University, Kellogs School of Management. He worked at Procter and Gamble, International Gold Corporation, Guerlain before joining Cartier in 1994 as international marketing director. In January 2002, this old car collector is appointed CEO of Baume & Mercier. Eight months later, he comes back to Cartier but as CEO, succeeding to Guy Leymarie. Guy Leymarie was evicted from Rolex gmtmaster replica his position just 17 months after accepting it in April 2001.

He was himself succeeding to Richard Lepeu who stayed around 15 months as Cartier's s CEO. In January 1999, Richard Lepeu was succeeding to Alain-Dominique Perrin. It is nothing less than four different CEOs in six years. Johan Rupert, second largest fortune in South Africa, graduated from Stellenbosch University (Cape Town), started its career as an investment banker at the Chase Manhattan Bank, then at Lazard in New York and he finally founded its own bank in Johannesburg. In 1988, as South Africa is punished by draconian international penalties, Johan Rupert creates in 1988, in Zug, Switzerland, Compagnie Financiere Richemont SA which reunites the Rolex yachtmaster replica international investment of the Rupert family. Johan Rupert is heading the family empire since 1993, he played an important role in helping his father in the various diversification (television, cell phone, wine and luxury,cartier love bracelet 18k white gold, etc) that took place for the two family groups, Rembrand (tobacco, mine, investment banking, real estate, etc) in South Africa and Richemont in Switzerland. In 1999, Johan Rupert merged the tobacco activity with British American Tobacco and is now counting predominantly on the luxury.

Collection Declaration launched in 2003 and is elected "watch of the year" the same year by the Swiss magazine "Montres Passion / Uhrenwelt". It is the first time that a women watch with a quartz movement won this distinction. On top of this collection, Cartier has an entry level line of jewellery, watches, perfumes, etc known as the "Must de Cartier". This line is an important part of Cartier's success and gives an opportunity to, once in a lifetime, buy a Cartier good.

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Compelling Men's Jewelry for Professionals

By Allison Gould on January 21, 2011
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Men and women have always had different reasons for wearing jewelry. As far back as Ancient Egypt, women wore jewelry as a sign of status or wealth, while male jewelry was somewhat more practical. A man of means would often wear a bracelet or a necklace with charms attached to it. These charms were thought to protect the wearer from evil spirits.

During Roman times, a man would often wear a signet ring. Again, the purpose of these pieces of jewelry was largely functional, rather than decorative. The signet ring was used to stamp a seal onto an official document. Nobles of either sex generally wore more jewelry, whether decorative or functional, than the plebeians. The Roman Emperors wore jewelry at most state affairs as a symbol of their power and status.

Even Roman soldiers had a fondness for jewelry. They wore thick bracelets made of leather that were both decorative and protective. Over time, these bracelets became more decorative, depending on the social status of the wearer. A Roman general, for instance, would often wear a bejeweled bracelet made of gold or silver.

What have we learned for this brief history lesson? Well, we have learned that men like and have always worn jewelry, but that they often need an excuse to do so. Few men wear jewelry that is purely decorative. They need jewelry that actually does something, that fulfills some purpose. Enter the watch.

Watches

Men have been wearing or carrying watches since the 17th century. The original pocket watch was designed for gentlemen, meaning they were quite decorative. Sure, they were functional, but they were also status symbols, like most jewelry.

The modern wristwatch emerged from the trenches of World War One. These watches were more functional than they were decorative, as they were used to coordinate battle movements during the Great War. In time, however,cartier love bracelet gold plated, the wristwatch became a luxury item. Companies like Rolex and Cartier developed men's watches that used precious metals and stones. They were far more expensive than most timepieces for women.

Where are we now? The watch is easily the most acceptable piece of jewelry for men. Even the most macho man in the room can strap a five or ten thousand dollar watch to his wrist without reservation. Again, the reason for this is because the watch is both functional and decorative. It's more than jewelry, but it clearly is a form of jewelry. It gives a man the option of acting like a proud peacock without anyone questioning his masculinity. In fact, most young processionals own at least two high-quality watches: one for work and one for play.

Bracelets

Men have been wearing bracelets since Ancient Egypt, probably earlier. More often than not, they were charm bracelets that were used to protect the wearer from evil spirits. But as we mentioned,cartier love bangle gold replica, the Roman soldiers did wear leather bands in battle. Is the bracelet jewelry? Again, it walks the line between functionality and pure, unadulterated decoration.

The most popular bracelets for men these days are gel wristbands. Made of colored silicone rubber, they are also called sports bracelets. Lance Armstrong and Nike have sold or given away more than 70 million yellow wristbands since 2004. These bracelets are much like awareness ribbons in that they show support for people suffering from cancer. They are popular with both sexes, but men are far more likely to wear them. Men proudly display these wristbands at work or on the basketball court.

What about real jewelry? Link bracelets made of precious metals are fairly popular with guys. Yes, they are clearly decorative pieces that serve no function, but bigger chains are quite masculine and a worn widely. These bracelets are often quite plain and they rarely, if ever, feature jewels or other ornaments. A plain gold or silver bracelet is the perfect complement to a nice dress watch.

Necklaces

Necklaces for men are much different than those designed for women. Girls often wear thin chains of varying lengths that may or may not contain a locket or a pendant, while men typically go for plain, unadorned, thick chains. It must be said that a necklace can be a little much when worn in conjunction with a gaudy wristwatch and a bracelet, especially at the office. Most men simply wear a nice, understated bracelet and a watch, rather than all three.

Rings

Men have never been big on rings. Unless they were members of the royal family or they had to leave their imprint in hot wax (signet rings), most are content with their wedding bands. Male rappers and rock stars are the exception. That is not to say, of course, that a guy can't wear more than one ring. Some men wear several. Perhaps influenced by the signet rings of old, most rings that are designed for men convey a message with a specific symbol or design. For example, some young professionals wear fraternity rings to let people know they were members of a fraternity in college.

Clearly, jewelry has had a prominent spot in history for both men and women. Continue this rich history and find your perfect accents now.

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Watchreplicahome Promised to Provide The Highest Quality Swiss Watch Replica

By Haitang Yu on June 20, 2011
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Created for those passionate about aquatic sports, Black Sea honors Ulysse Nardin's nautical legacy in haute horology. Powerful and avant-gardist, it is a rugged all weather sports diving timekeeper with a self-winding movement which features a 42 hours power reserve indicator, oversized small seconds register and a large date display. As the latest addition to the coveted Marine Diver collection, fake watches the Black Sea showcases Ulysse Nardin's evolution in watchmaking technology. Its specially treated stainless-steel case, having undergone a complex vulcanization process is revealed with a matte-black rubber coating, presenting a sporty aesthetic and comfortable feel. Its exhibition case-back reveals the self-movement. Softening its styling is a calming elegance that washes over this watch in the form of a signature wave pattern decorating the black, structured strap and dial. The hour markers as well as the hour and minute hands are covered with red luminescent material for better visibility.

Its power-reserve indicator is situated at 12 o'clock while the small seconds and round date are displayed at 6 o'clock. Small hands are painted in red. Provided with an unidirectional rotating bezel and a screwed crown, its case, individually numbered, is water-resistant to 200 meters. Strengthening its already exceptional reliability is the Ulysse Nardin Marine Diver Black Sea's rubber band including ceramic components and an exclusive black ceramic folding clasp. Queen Elizabeth II Cup - an international race in the equine calendar - Montblanc Star Automatic XXXL Chronograph Mens Watch was established in 1975 to commemorate a visit to Hong Kong by Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh,cartier love ring rose gold, Prince Philip. Audemars Piguet, continuously sponsored this prestigious international race since 1999, and to commemorate the 13th anniversary of this sponsorship, the brand proudly created the 'Queen Elizabeth II Cup 2011' Royal Oak. Above and beyond the first impression of technical beauty and sophistication, the Audemars Piguet 'Queen Elizabeth II Cup 2011' Royal Oak wristwatch sparks natural curiosity. The watch represents exceptional quality of the timepieces and the uniqueness of the international race in the equine calendar!

The creation of the QE II Cup 2011 Royal Oak wristwatch fulfills the dream of watch-making devotees: extracting the fine mechanism from the cavity of its case to reveal it in all its splendour in an white gold case bezel an white gold sapphire crystal case back accompanied with the event logo engraving. The grey dial is designed with "Mega Tapisserie" pattern with white gold applied hour-markers with luminescent coating. The hand-stitched "large square scale" anthracite crocodile strap with white gold AP folding clasp completes this wristwatch to boldly claim both absolute mastery of time-honoured artistry and unbridled creativity. Panerai Luminor Marina Automatic Mens Watch PAM00049 The Audemars Piguet 'Queen Elizabeth II Cup 2011' Royal Oak is issued in a 100-piece limited edition.

Driven by Jaeger-LeCoultre Calibre 978, the Master Tourbillon laid a prestigious milestone in the history of horological accuracy by winning the Chronometrie 2009 International Timing Competition organised by the Watch Museum of Le Locle. The Grande Maison now proudly presents a new model equipped with this already legendary calibre, the Master Grande Tradition a Tourbillon. Featuring a 43 mm case and an understatedly elegant design that has become the hallmark of Jaeger-LeCoultre creations, the Master Grande Tradition a Tourbillon embodies the triumph of precision expressed in an inimitably legible manner. Its functions include a dual time-zone display, a 24-hour indication as well as a pointer-type date displayed Ulysse Nardin Maxi Marine Chronograph Mens Watch 356-66.354 on a graduated scale surrounding the applied hour-markers. It makes a bigger jump between the 15th and the 16th of each month so as never to obscure the view of the tourbillon and its bridge featuring even slimmer, purer lines.

The technical characteristics of the Calibre 978 epitomise the results of Jaeger-LeCoultre's ongoing research. The engineers have developed a tourbillon carriage made from a light yet robust titanium alloy and weighing just 0.28 grams. This means very little energy is required to maintain the rotations of the tourbillon and its ultra-light carriage. The energy from the barrel can thus be entirely used to keep the large-sized variable-inertia balance oscillating at a frequency of 28,800 vibrations per hour and thus guaranteeing an exceptional degree of precision. In keeping with fine watchmaking traditions,cartier love ring yellow gold, the parts of this calibre are meticulously decorated by hand. The openworked oscillating weight in 22-carat gold, which guarantees a comfortable 48-hour power reserve when the mechanism is fully wound, bears inscriptions relief-engraved using the time-honoured technique of punch embossing. The Jaeger-LeCoultre Master Grande Tradition a Tourbillon is available in two versions: one in pink gold; and the other in a 200-piece platinum limited edition in tribute to the memorable first prize won in the 2009 Chopard Happy Diamonds Ladies Watch 207450-1002 Chronometrie timing competition and bearing the dial inscription "tourbillon chronometrie".

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Many Gorgeous Luxury Replica Watches Available at Watchreplicahome

By Brendan Hansen on February 15, 2011
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Fine Leather Collection >

Omega extends its traditions of design excellence and quality to leather Omega's Fine Leather Collection, available exclusively through its international flagship boutiques since the end of 2007, enjoyed a warm market reception in 2008. The exacting standards of craftsmanship, design and superior materials which have always characterized Omega's watchmaking tradition have found new expression in the Fine Leather Collection. In 2008, the Fine Leather Collection was awarded the prestigious Red Dot Design Award, an annual prize created to recognize innovative product design. The Replica IWC Portuguese award acknowledged the practical slip opening on the outside of the Collection's wallets and key holders, which perfectly accommodates slim items such as car park cards, electronic hotel keys and loyalty cards. Unique to Omega, this attribute combines innovation with a strong visual identity.

The Trianon Year Trends Following the same strategy,cartier love charity bracelet 2011, now in place for the last eight years, centered on the excellence of its products, communication and distribution,Breguetconfirmedits position in 2008 as the worldwide leader in prestige watchmaking. In response to growing demand, new land was purchased for the planned extension of the two sites in L'Orient and L'Abbaye, enabling the brand to expand its production space. The company also enlarged its decoration departments, in particular the work-shop preparing manually engine-turned dials. The Replica Breitling Avenger aim is to ensure the passing on to the next generation of this art done by hand, an integral part of Breguet's history and identity. The brand is one of the few to possess a workshop of master guilloche artisans integrated into its production system. Resources for the chamfer workshop were also increased, both in terms of material and personnel.

The year 2008 was spent by Breguet under the aegis of its distin-guished patron Marie-Antoinette. Still considered today as one of the five most complex timepieces in the world, the legendary watch bearing her name has now been found. The announcement of this news by a Jerusalem Museum, which came just after the presenta-tion by Breguet at Baselworld of its new Marie-Antoinette watch, manufactured by the Breguet watchmakers in four years (2004 to 2008), turned the occasion into a veritable media happening.

The Replica IWC Pilot re-opening in September of Marie-Antoinette's Estate in Versailles was marked by a memorable celebration, presided over by Nicolas G. Hayek and the French Minister of Communication and Culture, Christine Albanel. During this event, Breguet presented to an appreciative public, composed of personalities from around the world, the restored Petit Trianon. In line with its philosophy, the brand remained in the cultural lime-light, associating itself with some of the world's greatest names of classic artistic heritage. The Replica Cartier Pasha latest international Breguet boutique was opened at the Dubai Mall and boutiques will be completed and inaugurated in Abu Dhabi, Hong Kong, Taipei, Shanghai and Pusan in South Korea in 2009, despite the fears of an expected economic crisis.

Creation Marie-Antoinette n° 1160 pocket watch>

In 1783 an admirer of Marie-Antoinette ordered from the Breguet workshop a watch incorporatingallthewatchmakingknow-howofthetime.TheQueen for whom this watch was destined was never to have the opportu-nity to admire this masterpiece since it was only finished in 1727,14k yellow gold cartier love bracelet, 34 years after her tragic death and four years after the disparition of A.-L. Breguet. Referred to as the "Marie-Antoinette", the Breguet n° 160 fascinated watch collectors for over two centuries. Stolen from a Jerusalem museum in 1983, its whereabouts were unknown for a long time, which led Nicolas G. Hayek to take up the Replica Cartier Roadster challenge in 2004 to reproduce it as the Marie-Antoinette n° 1160 pocket watch. To recreate the original movement research had to be carried out in the archives and drawings of the Breguet Museum as well as other cultural institutions such as the Musee des Arts et Metiers in Paris. Comparative studies of antique watches brought new light to bear on watchmaking techniques of the time.

These investigations also led to the discovery that this legendary watch included the complication of jumping hours which did not feature in any description. The other complications of this masterpiece are a minute-repeater, a perpetual calendar, an equation of time, a long independent seconds-hand, small seconds, a power-reserve indicator and a bimetallic thermometer. The self-winding movement comprises no less than 823 components. The plates, bridges and mobile gear-train are in gold and the friction points set with sapphires. The Replica Cartier Tank mechanism also comprises a gold helical balance-spring, a bimetallic balance-wheel and a double "pare-chute", an invention by Breguet to protect the balance-staff against shocks and jolts. This masterpiece resides in a precious watch box sculpted from the wood of Marie-Antoinette's oak tree, sumptuously decorated on the inside with inlaid work, all done by hand with over one thousand fragments, portraying the hand of Marie-Antoinette holding a rose, with the exterior of the box offering a faithful reproduction of the parquet flooring of the Petit Trianon.

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